Urinary tract infections are common during pregnancy, and the most common causative organism is Escherichia coli. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can lead to the development. Healthy Diet Plans >> Health Issues and Diet >> Anaemia: What is Anaemia? Anaemia is the term used for abnormally low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood. Continued Treatment for Anemia. If you are anemic during your pregnancy, you may need to start taking an iron supplement and/or folic acid supplement in addition to. Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at. Nutrition and pregnancy - Wikipedia. Pregnant woman eating fruit. Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrition of the fetus begins at conception. For this reason, the nutrition of the mother is important from before conception (probably several months before) as well as throughout pregnancy and breast feeding. An ever- increasing number of studies have shown that the nutrition of the mother will have an effect on the child, up to and including the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes throughout life. An inadequate or excessive amount of some nutrients may cause malformations or medical problems in the fetus, and neurological disorders and handicaps are a risk that is run by mothers who are malnourished. Daily prenatal use of iron substantially improves birth weight, potentially reducing the risk of Low birth weight. It should be taken as at least 0. Pregnant women should take prenatal vitamins containing iodine. While it was assumed that supplementation was necessary only in areas of high latitudes, recent studies of Vitamin D levels throughout the United States and many other countries have shown a large number of women with low levels. For this reason, there is a growing movement to recommend supplementation with 1. Vitamin D daily throughout pregnancy. Several studies have shown a small drop in preterm delivery and in low birth weight in mothers with higher intakes. Some other omega- 3 fatty acids not found in fish can be found in foods such as flaxseeds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, and enriched eggs. It is also essential before pregnancy for the production of hemoglobin. There is no evidence that a hemoglobin level of 7 grams/1. According to the Cochrane review conclusions iron supplementation reduces the risk of maternal anaemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy but the positive effect on other maternal and infant outcomes is less clear. In addition, prenatal vitamins typically contain increased amounts of folic acid, iodine, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, and calcium over the amounts found in standard multi- vitamins. The World Health Organisation does not routinely recommend zinc supplementation for pregnant women because there is not enough good quality evidence. This can include food pathogens and toxic food components, alcohol, and dietary supplements such as vitamin A and potentially harmful pathogens such as listeria, toxoplasmosis, and salmonella. Excessive amounts of alcohol have been proven to cause fetal alcohol syndrome. The World Health Organization recommends that alcohol should be avoided entirely during pregnancy, given the relatively unknown effects of even small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy. Pregnant women are advised to eat seafood in moderation. Folic acid governs the synthesis of the precursors of DNA, which is the nucleic acid that gives each cell life and character. Folic acid deficiency results in defective cellular growth and the effects are most obvious on those tissues which grow most rapidly. This means that hydration is an important aspect of nutrition throughout pregnancy. The European Food Safety Authority recommends an increase of 3. L per day compared to the normal intake for non- pregnant women, taking the total adequate water intake (from food and fluids) to 2,3. L, or approximately 1,8. L/ day from fluids alone. Women having serum ferritin less than 7. Human milk is made of 8. IOM recommends that breastfeeding women increase their water intake by about 3. Aspirin during pregnancy ā A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what you need to know. Pregnancy and the Vegan Diet. Anemia During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment. Anemia is a medical condition in which there is not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the. About iron-deficiency anaemia. You need iron for many important processes inside your body, especially for making haemoglobin - the oxygen-carrying protein in your blood. L/day to a total volume of 3. L/day (from food and drink); approximately 2,4. L/day from fluids. Human Nutrition - A Health Perspective. London: Arnold. ISBN 0- 3. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2. 01. 1- 0. Stephanie Karpinske, ed. Pregnancy: The Ultimate Week- by- Week Pregnancy Guide. Meredith Books. ISBN 0- 6. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 06. 96. 5. PMID 2. British Medical Journal. Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 9. 78. 04. 44. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78. 07. 81. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). ISSN 1. 75. 6- 1. PMID 2. 35. 33. 18. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78. 16. 08. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. Suppl 1: 9. 1ā1. 07. ISSN 1. 36. 5- 3. PMID 2. 27. 42. 60. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Suppl): 1. 45. 2Sā1. S. ISSN 0. 00. 2- 9. PMID 1. 68. 41. 85. Everyday Health. Retrieved 2. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD0. ISSN 1. 46. 9- 4. X. PMID 2. 61. 98. New. Mom. Vintage. Retrieved 7 May 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 04. 90. 5. PMID 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 00. 03. 2. PMID 2. Stephanie Karpinske, ed. Pregnancy: The Ultimate Week- by- Week Pregnancy Guide. Meredith Books. ISBN 0- 6. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 00. 23. 0. PMID 2. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2. 2 April 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 01. 05. 9. PMID 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 01. 05. 9. PMID 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 07. 07. 9. PMID 2. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. CD0. 07. 07. 9. PMID 2. British Nutrition Foundation. Drugs and Supplements. Mayo Clinic. November 1, 2. Retrieved May 1. 7, 2. World Health Organisation. Retrieved 2. 01. 6- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 0. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2. Beall MH; van den Wijngaard JPHM; van Gemert MJC; Ross MG (2. EFSA Journal. 8: 1. PMID 1. 67. 33. 73. Indian J Pediatr. PMID 1. 51. 07. 51. Released February 1. Anemia in Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. When you're pregnant, you may develop anemia. When you have anemia, your blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your tissues and to your baby. During pregnancy, your body produces more blood to support the growth of your baby. If you're not getting enough iron or certain other nutrients, your body might not be able to produce the amount of red blood cells it needs to make this additional blood. It's normal to have mild anemia when you are pregnant. But you may have more severe anemia from low iron or vitamin levels or from other reasons. Anemia can leave you feeling tired and weak. If it is severe but goes untreated, it can increase your risk of serious complications like preterm delivery. Here's what you need to know about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of anemia during pregnancy. Types of Anemia During Pregnancy. Several types of anemia can develop during pregnancy. These include: Here's why these types of anemia may develop: Iron- deficiency anemia. This type of anemia occurs when the body doesn't have enough iron to produce adequate amounts of hemoglobin. That's a protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In iron- deficiency anemia, the blood cannot carry enough oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy. Folate- deficiency anemia. Folate is the vitamin found naturally in certain foods like green leafy vegetables A type of B vitamin, the body needs folate to produce new cells, including healthy red blood cells. During pregnancy, women need extra folate. But sometimes they don't get enough from their diet. When that happens, the body can't make enough normal red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Man made supplements of folate are called folic acid. Folate deficiency can directly contribute to certain types of birth defects, such as neural tube abnormalities (spina bifida) and low birth weight. Vitamin B1. 2 deficiency. The body needs vitamin B1. When a pregnant woman doesn't get enough vitamin B1. Women who don't eat meat, poultry, dairy products, and eggs have a greater risk of developing vitamin B1. Blood loss during and after delivery can also cause anemia. Continued. Risk Factors for Anemia in Pregnancy. All pregnant women are at risk for becoming anemic. That's because they need more iron and folic acid than usual. But the risk is higher if you: Are pregnant with multiples (more than one child)Have had two pregnancies close together. Vomit a lot because of morning sickness. Are a pregnant teenager. Don't eat enough foods that are rich in iron. Had anemia before you became pregnant. Symptoms of Anemia During Pregnancy. The most common symptoms of anemia during pregnancy are: Pale skin, lips, and nails. Feeling tired or weak. Dizziness. Shortness of breath. Rapid heartbeat. Trouble concentrating. In the early stages of anemia, you may not have obvious symptoms. And many of the symptoms are ones that you might have while pregnant even if you're not anemic. So be sure to get routine blood tests to check for anemia at your prenatal appointments. Risks of Anemia in Pregnancy. Severe or untreated iron- deficiency anemia during pregnancy can increase your risk of having: A preterm or low- birth- weight baby. A blood transfusion (if you lose a significant amount of blood during delivery)Postpartum depression. A baby with anemia. A child with developmental delays. Untreated folate deficiency can increase your risk of having a: Preterm or low- birth- weight baby. Baby with a serious birth defect of the spine or brain (neural tube defects)Untreated vitamin B1. Tests for Anemia. During your first prenatal appointment, you'll get a blood test so your doctor can check whether you have anemia. Blood tests typically include: Hemoglobin test. It measures the amount of hemoglobin - - an iron- rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. Hematocrit test. It measures the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood. If you have lower than normal levels of hemoglobin or hematocrit, you may have iron- deficiency anemia. Your doctor may check other blood tests to determine if you have iron deficiency or another cause for your anemia. Even if you don't have anemia at the beginning of your pregnancy, your doctor will most likely recommend that you get another blood test to check for anemia in your second or third trimester. Continued. Treatment for Anemia. If you are anemic during your pregnancy, you may need to start taking an iron supplement and/or folic acid supplement in addition to your prenatal vitamins. Your doctor may also suggest that you add more foods that are high in iron and folic acid to your diet. In addition, you'll be asked to return for another blood test after a specific period of time so your doctor can check that your hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are improving. To treat vitamin B1. B1. 2 supplement. The doctor may also recommend that you include more animal foods in your diet, such as: Your OB may refer you to a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in anemia/ blood issues. These specialist may see you throughout the pregnancy and help your OB manage the anemia. Preventing Anemia. To prevent anemia during pregnancy, make sure you get enough iron. Eat well- balanced meals and add more foods that are high in iron to your diet. Aim for at least three servings a day of iron- rich foods, such as: lean red meat, poultry, and fishleafy, dark green vegetables (such as spinach, broccoli, and kale)iron- enriched cereals and grainsbeans, lentils, and tofunuts and seedseggs. Foods that are high in vitamin C can help your body absorb more iron. These include: citrus fruits and juicesstrawberrieskiwistomatoesbell peppers. Try eating those foods at the same time that you eat iron- rich foods. For example, you could drink a glass of orange juice and eat an iron- fortified cereal for breakfast. Also, choose foods that are high in folate to help prevent folate deficiency. These include: leafy green vegetablescitrus fruits and juicesdried beansbreads and cereals fortified with folic acid. Follow your doctor's instructions for taking a prenatal vitamin that contains a sufficient amount of iron and folic acid. Vegetarians and vegans should talk with their doctor about whether they should take a vitamin B1. Sources. SOURCES: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: . Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health: . Pediatrics, March 1, 2. All rights reserved.
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